ROFUR-FLAGS

 1:72nd and 54mm scale
High quality
Flags, Banners, Standards and Guidons
 

1/:72nd scale Flags

Medieval / Crusades
11th Cent. A.C. - 15th Cent. A.C.
 Last updated December. 21st, 2008 

Anglo-Norman Wars / Battle of Hastings 1066

In January 1066 King Edward "The Confessor" died without leaving the throne to a heir. Harold Godwinson of Wessex, the most mightyful of anglo-saxon Earls, proudly insisted to succeed the king.
At the same time Duke William of Normandy was ready to overtake the English throne. But also a war fleet under the command of Harald Hardraada, King of Norway, had set sails to invade the Yorkshire coast...
 

 
Nr. 1/72-154: 11th century A.C.  Anglo-Norman wars / Hastings 1066.

14 lance pennons / Duke William of Normandy: personal banner, papal banner / Harald Hardraada, king of Norway: personal standard / King Harold Godwinson of Wessex, personal standard / 2 standards with dragon symbol , 1 standard with raven symbol, 2 standards with cross.

Hastings 1066: easy standard-bearer conversions from REVELL set

 

The Crusades

Anno Domini 1096 is the beginning of an enterprise which should last for about 200 years, ceasing in 1291 with the Fall of Akkon. When this last bastion of the "knights of Christ" had been lost to the saracenes, the crusades to the "Holy Land" found their end.
Nevertheless, numerous crusades still continued - on the European continent. Papal authority agitated against all those groops who tried to live their own more or less peaceful interpretation of christendom or whose richess the Catholic Church desired to incorporate. Under the sign of the cross troops were set on the Stedingen peasants near Bremen in north Germany, on the French Albigensian community, the Baltic Prussians and many other "heathens".

As a common sign, the crusaders first used a red cross of any shape. At the start of the third crusade in 1188 the leading rulers confirmed to use crosses in certain colours as identification sign for their armies coming from different european countries:

The cross should be red for the Frankonian, whitw for the English, green for the crusaders from Flanders, yellow for the Italian and black for the Germans. From 1277 on the English used a red cross on a white ground, the French from 1377 on a white cross on red.

 
Nr. 1/72-02: Third Crusade1189-1191. Banners of Leaders.

7 banners of leading Kings and rulers:

Frederik I. Barbarossa, Head of the Holy Roman Empire / Philippe Auguste, King of France / Richard I. Lionheart, King of  England / Leopold I. Babenberg, Duke of Ausria / Bauduin IX, Earl of Flanders / Guy von Lusignan, King of Cyprus / King of Jerusalem.

1/72-01: Fourth Crusade 1198-1205. Franconian army. 13 banners of the leading kings, other rulers and knights.

Bonifatius, Marquis de Montferrat, Earl Bauduin IV. of Flanders, Jean de Brienne, Geoffroy de Villehardoin - 2 different, Otton de la Roche, Robert de Mauvoisin, Simon de Montfort, Louis de Blois, Guy de Montfort, Guillaume de Champlite, Eustache de Cayeux, Etienne de Perche.

1/72-03: Fifth to Seventh Crusades 1217 - 1254 Banners of Leaders.

12 banners of leading Kings and rulers:

King of Jerusalem / Frederik II. of Hohenstaufen, Head of the Holy Roman Empire / Guillaume Duke of Ferrers / Hugues of Lusignan, king of Cyprus, / Andreas, king of Hungria / Henri II. Duke of Bar / Ludwig I. Duke of Bavaria / Ludwig IX. (the Holy), king of France / Raymond Viscomte de Trencavel / Raoul Lord Seigneur de Mauléon / Leopold Babenberg, Duke of Austria / Robert fitz Walter.

1/72-113: Teutonic Order 12th/14thcenturies and Order of Sword Brethren 1202-ca.1240.

Teutonic Order:Grand Master´s banner from ca. 1220 on / Grand Master´s banner from 1226 on / alternate Grand Master´s banner 1240 (black cross silver edged) / Marshal´s banner 1st half of 13th cent. / 3 banners with different shaped crosses / 10 lance pennons, 2 different versions.

Sword Brethren: 1 banner und 9 lance pennons.

1/72-114: Order of the Temple 1120-1307. Order of the Hospital 12th-14th cent.

Templars: 7 different banners / 10 lance pennons (3 different versions).

Hospitallers: 5 different banners / 13 lance pennons (4 different versions).

1/72-54a: Banners with Saints 12th-15th cent.

5 banners for Russian knights with motiv of the Eastern Church / 4 banners with Roman-Catholic motifs of European knights.

Thomas Willers:1/72 VALDEMAR - 13th century bishops

Thomas Willers:1/72 Russian 13th century standard-bearers

             suiting 1/72 Zvezda 8001 Russian Knights        
                       1/72 ZVEZDA Russian knights converted to carry banners

1/72-218: Russian banners ca. 1200-1410 (Jan. 2009)

12 Banners.

1/72-102: 1/72-102: Saracen standards, about 1100/1250

10 standards of different types used during that period.

1/72-214: Ottoman Army: Janissaries ca. 1350-1826

5 Janissary flags with unknown destination, 3 Janissary company flags, 1 ottoman flag version often used by troops. 

>Concerning shape and symbols, the flags may well be used for moslem troops during crusades as well as for later periods!

1/72-215: Ottoman Army: Cavalry and Infantry Flags

16 flags and 4 pennons.

>Concerning shape and symbols, the flags may well be used for moslem troops during crusades as well as for later periods!

Skandinavian / Baltic region wars
 

1/72-219: Skandinavian / Baltic region wars. Hanse League Troops ca. 1300-1402

1 Banner each for troops of Hanse Leage members: Hamburg, Elbing, Rostock, Lübeck, Danzig, Stralsund, Wisby, Bremen, Königsberg, Wismar.

Battle of Tannenberg (Grunwald) 1410
 

Above: Carrying Teutonic Order Banners - Easy conversions of 1/72 STRELETS 0071 figures.

The battle of Tannenberg or Grunwald July 15th, 1410

At the Beginning of the 15th century, anticipation between the Teutonic Order State on the one side, and its neighbours King Jagiello of Poland and Withold, the sovereign of Lithuania had grown to a climax. When Withold´s troops invaded the order´s territory, Grandmaster Ulrich von Jungingen mobilised his weak army which met the combined Polish-Lithuanian forces in the early morning of July 15th, 1410 near Tannenberg. During the following hours the order´s army, which already had arrived completely exhausted on the battlefield, was encircled and slain.
 

1/72-152: Battle of Grunwald 1410 (I) Polish-Lithuanian Army and Teutonic Order Army (revised Jan. 2009)

Polish Army:
Great Krakow-Banner / Jan of Tarnow, Wincentego of Granowo, Spytko of  Jaroslaw and Tarnow / Iwo von Obichów / Nadworna Banner.
Teutonic Order Army:
Banner of St. George / Königsberg town levy / Thorn levy / Commandery of Elbing, 2nd Banner / Crossbowmen unit flag.

1/72-153: Battle of Grunwald 1410 (II). Polish-Lithuanian Army and Teutonic Order Army (revised Jan. 2009)

Polish Army:
King Wladislaw II. Jagiello´s Guidon / Banner of St. George / Kalsiz district levy / Podolskiej district levy / Podolskiej Distrikt levy / Podolskiej district levy.
Teutonic Order Army:
The Grandmaster´s great Banner / Teutonic Order: Town of Braunsberg? levy / Teutonic Order army. Culm district levy / Teutonic Order army guests: Duke Konrad of Oels (Silesia) / Danzig town levy / the General Banner of the Teutonic Order.

1/72-218: Russian banners ca. 1200-1410 (Jan. 2009)
12 Banners.

1/72-229: Battle of Grunwald 1410 (III). Polish-Lithuaninian Army (Jan. 2009)

Polish Army:
Polish Royal Marshal / King Jagiello personal Banner / Banner of both district of Masovia units / Banner under Sedziwoj of Ostrorog / Bishop of Poznan Banner / Gniewosz of Dalewic Czech banner / Dobrzyn Distrikt Levy Banner / Castellan of Wislica levy banner.
Lithuanian Army: Unit banner, 2 different.

1/72-230: Battle of Grunwald 1410 (IV). Polish-Lithuaninian Army (Jan. 2009)

Polish Army:
Banner under Dobrogost Swida of Szamotuly / Dobieslaw of Olesnica´s banner / Morawians commanded by Jan of Jicin / Leczyca district levy banner / Bishop of Krakow / Jan Mezyk of Dobrowa / Prince of Masowia.
Lithuanian Army: Unit banner / Vytautas of Lithuania personal Banner.

1/72-231: Battle of Grunwald 1410 (V). Polish-Lithuaninian Army (Jan. 2009)

Polish Army:
Chelm Distrikt Banner / Morawian banner, Jan of Jicin  / Cujawian District Banner / Banner under Vice Chancellor Mikolaj Traba of Wislicz / Lublin Distrikt Banner  / Clan Griffin Banner / Duke Janusz of Masowia / Banner under Castellan of Sacz, Krystyn of Kozieglow.
Lithuanian Army: Unit banner.

1/72-232: Battle of Grunwald 1410 (VI). Polish-Lithuaninian Army (Jan. 2009)

Polish Army:
Sandomierz District Banner / Wyelun District Banner / "Gonzca" Banner / Sieradz District Levy Banner / Banner under the command of  Mikolaj of Michalow / Lwow Distrikt levy Banner / Przemyskiej Distrikt Banner / Leczyca District Levy Banner.
Lithuanian Army: Unit banner.

1/72-233: Battle of Grunwald 1410 (VII). Teutonic Order Army. (Jan. 2009)

Commander of the House of Christburg and Chief of the order´s clothing department / Commander of the House of Elbing and Chief of the order´s hospital department / Grandcommander of the Order and House Commander  of Marienburg Castle / Keeper of the order´s  treasury department / Commandery of Bartenstein or Heiligenbeil town levy / Bailiff of Dirschau levy / Commandery of Mewe  levy / Königsberg town levy / Bishopric of Samland levy.

1/72-234: Battle of Grunwald 1410 (VIII). Teutonic Order Army (Jan. 2009)

Grandmaster Avantgarde / Grandmastter tent and wagon flags / Knights from the county of Meissen / Commandery of Schönsee levy / Heilsberg town levy / Commandery of Althaus levy / Commandery of Strasburg levy / Commdery of Ragnit or Samland Bailiff levy / Bailiff of Leske levy / Commandery of Graudenz levy / Commandery or town of Elbing levy / Elbing town levy 2 different flags.
 

1/72-235: Battle of Grunwald 1410 (IX). Teutonic Order Army (Jan. 2009)

Teutonic Order tent and wagon flags / Variation of Königsberg town levy banner or banner of Thuringian and Hessian knights / Kulm town levy / Bailiff of Brattian levy / Osterode Commandery levy / Nessau Commandery levy / Bailiff of Roggenhausen levy / Balga Commandery levy flag / Crossbow troop flag / Commandery of Danzig Banner variation / Balga Commandery levy flag.

Crusades and Chivalric Orders books references:

HEERE & WAFFEN Nr. 6
Rolf Fuhrmann:
DER DEUTSCHORDEN
Von Akkon bis zum Baltikum - die Armee 1198-1420

(The Teutonic Order Army 1198-1420, German Text, many Illustrations)

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HEERE & WAFFEN Nr. 7
Gerald Iselt / Rolf Fuhrmann:
TANNENBERG 1410
Die Belagerung der Marienburg 1410

Probeseiten zeigen

(Battle of Grunwald 1410 and the siege of Marienburg castle,
German Text, many Illustrations
Show sample illustration pages)

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Wargames Research Group Publications: Ian Heath,
Armies and Ennemies of the Crusades 1096-1291.
1978.

Osprey Men at Arms:

Nr. 75 Armies of the Crusades.

Nr. 125 The Armies of Islam 7th-11th Centuries

Nr.155 The Knights of Christ.

Nr. 171 Saladin and the Saracens.

Osprey Warrior Serie:

Nr. 10 Saracen Faris 1050-1250.

Nr. 18 Knight of Outremer 1187-1344

Nr. 33 Knight Hospitaller 1100-1306 (1)

Osprey Elite Serie:

Nr. 19 The Crusades.

Tannenberg 1410 books references:

Painting patterns for standard-bearers of Polish-Lithuanian and Teutonic armies: Part 1 and Part 2 of "BANDERIA APUD GRUNWALD 1410, Alexander s.c., Poland 2000. Text is Polisch and Englisch.

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